SWEDES: TheWayTheyWere
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    • The Bethany Artist & the Bethany Scientist: Lydia & Emil ------------------------- \\// >
      • Lydia's and Emil's Smoky Valley Swedish Immigration Background ​ ~ With a far larger account of why Swedes were leaving Sweden by Mr. Holmquist >
        • Their 1869 Swedish Lutheran Galesburg Colony and Olsson Colony Smoky Valley Arrivals, ~ With a Galesburg account by Mr. Holmquist >
          • Their Värmland Swedes ~ The "First Swedish Agricultural Company" Lindsborg Founders, 1868, ~ An account by Dr. Lindquist >
            • Swedish Pastor Olof Olsson Emigrating to Lindsborg 1869, June 27th Arrival ~ An account by Dr. Lindquist >
              • Bethany Lutheran Church and Lindsborg Founder Pastor Olsson, 1869 - 1876 ~ An account by Dr. Lindquist
      • Their 1869 "Bethany Lutheran Church" ~ Accounts by Dr. Lindquist and Mr. Carlson >
        • ​Their 1860-1962 "Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Synod" ~ Gaining and losing its Swedish identity >
          • The 1860 Formation of the Augustana Synod ~ An Account by Mr. Holmquist >
            • Their 1892 "Augustana Women's Missionary Society" ~ An account by Ms. Humphrey >
              • The 2000 - 2016 "Augustana Heritage Association"
      • Their 1879 "Swedish Mission Church" formation by former Bethany Lutheran Church members ​ due to the "atonement" issue ​ ~ An account by Mr. Carlson ~ Part 1 of 2 >
        • An account by Dr. Lindquist ~ Part 2 of 2
      • Their 1907 "Bethany Lutheran Home" ~ Link to the Bethany Home Story >
        • 1976 Lindsborg’s Bethany Home’s Swedish King's Visit ~ An account by Mr. Carlson
      • Their 1909 and 1919 Swedish Smoky Valley Community Chronicles ~ Compiled and written by Bethany Lutheran Church Rev. Dr. Bergin, members and others
      • Their 1910 English speaking "Messiah Lutheran Church" formation by former Bethany Lutheran Church members ~ An account by Dr. Lindquist >
        • An account on the 1910 Messiah Lutheran Church formation from Rev. Dr. Bergin's 1909 ​"Pioneer Swedish-American Culture of Central Kansas"
      • Their 1916 Sohlberg House ​ ~ 322 North First [College] Street ~After their honeymoon
      • Their 1919 Lindsborg Historical Society's "Coronado Heights" ~ Emil's 1907 thesis and Lydia's photographs >
        • The ​1919 Formation of the "Lindsborg Historical Society" ~ The Smoky Hills' "Smoky Hill" christened "Coronado Heights" May 8, 1924 >
          • G. N. Malm's role in the development of the Lindsborg Historical Society and Coronado Heights ​~ An account by Dr. Lindquist >
            • Lindsborg Historical Society and Coronado Heights History ~ Three (3) accounts by Mrs. Jaderborg, former SVHA secretary
      • Their 1920 Old Main Apartments of Bethany College ~ Living on campus with the students for 20 years
      • Their 1936 1873 Swedish Homestead," "Our Peaceful Acres" >
        • Their 1873 Swede House ~ A close twin to Lindsborg Founder Rev. Olof Olsson's stone house >
          • Peaceful Acres Smoky Valley descendant friends and helpers ~ Honoring them and remembering them
      • Their 1940 Deere Home to 1943 ​~ 344 North First [College] Street ~ With new occupants after Lydia >
        • Emil's and Nina's 1961Thunderbird on the Bethany Campus ~ Promoting 21st Century Bethany College in Silicon Valley with alumni and students
      • Their 1941 "Svensk Hyllningsfest" and Dr. Holwerda's Role ~ Accounts by Dr. Lungstrom, Mrs. Jaderborg, Dr. Holwerda & Mr. Lundstrom >
        • Their 1964, "Lindsborg Swedish Folk Dancers" founded by Mrs. Jaderborg ~ An account by Mr. Chris Abercrombie
      • 1943, After Lydia, Emil's part planning Lindsborg's "first" hospital and Dr. Holwerda's role ~ An account by Dr. Lungstrom
    • Their "1881" on . . . Lutheran Bethany Academy 1882 ~ Their 1882 "First Lutheran College Building"
    • Their 1882-1966 "Bethany College Museum" ~ The Natural History and Pioneer Swedish Collections >
      • Fossils Collection ~ From Old Main to the McPherson County Old Mill Museum, 1966, ~ “The Find” >
        • Taxidermy Collection ~ From Old Main to the McPherson County Old Mill Museum, 1966 >
          • 900 Item Emil O. Deere Pioneer Swedish Collection ~ From Old Main to the McPherson County Old Mill Museum, 1966 >
            • Cliff Dwellers' Pottery Collection ~ From Old Main to the Birger Sandzén Memorial Gallery, 1966
      • The 1966 Bethany College Museum Collections Move to the Old Mill Museum ~ Dr. Leon Lungstrom's Role >
        • Articles on the Bethany College Museum Collections Move of 1966
    • Their 1882 on . . . Bethany College Handel’s “Messiah" Performances >
      • "Messiah" Performers, Venues & Audiences, Press and Broadcasts >
        • Special 20th Century "Messiah" Performances >
          • "The Notables, Messiah Week, . . . ~ An account by Mrs. Jaderborg >
            • Handel's "Messiah" & Bach's "St. Matthew Passion" ~ Described for viewers unfamiliar with these oratorios
    • Their “1899 on . . .” Bethany College “Swedish Artists’ Midwest Art Exhibition” ​~ An account by the Birger Sandzén Memorial Gallery
    • Their 1903 on . . . Bethany College "Rockar Stockar!" and the 1902 on . . . "Terrible Swedes" ~ An account by Dr. Lindquist
    • Their “1904 on . . .” Bethany College St. Louis World's Fair “Swedish Pavilion”
    • Their "1895 to 1981" Bethany College Anniversary Celebrations ~ 15, 20, 25, 100 years >
      • Their Celebrating 15 Years of Bethany College, 1881-1896. The First "Bethany Annual," 1895-96 >
        • Their Celebrating 20 Years of Bethany College, 1881-1901. The "Forget-Me-Not," 1902 >
          • The King of Sweden's Emissary, 1901 >
            • Yale University's Bethany Club
      • Their Celebrating 25 Years of Bethany College, 1881-1906. ~ "Souvenir of Lindsborg and Bethany College"
      • Their Celebrating 100 Years of Bethany College, 1881-1981 ~ "The Centennial of Bethany College"
    • Their 1937 Bethany College's Introduction to 1638 New Sweden >
      • Deere's Introduction to New Sweden
  • Swedish Immigration Story, 1854
    • "The Story of the Old Spoon" by Ingrid Anderson Sohlberg & Daughter Lydia Sohlberg Deere, 1937
    • Who They Left Behind
    • From Sweden with Love Collections >
      • The Swedish Sohlberg Kosta Portraits, 1867 >
        • The Swedish Sohlberg Kosta Glass >
          • The Swedish Sohlberg Letters
      • The Swedish Sohlberg Royal Gold Thread Embroidery Sampler (c1890s)
      • The Swedish Sohlberg Post Cards (c1890s)
      • The Swedish Sohlberg Magazines, (c1940s)
      • The Swedish Sohlberg Books, 1819/1886 to 1899
      • The Swedish Sohlberg Albums ~ Late 19th early 20th centuries
      • The Swedish Deere Coins -- 1801-1929
  • Artist Lydia Sohlberg Deere
    • Lydia's Lindsborg Photography, 1900-1925 >
      • The Hats
      • The Smoky River
      • The Smoky Hills >
        • Coronado Heights -- One Winter's Day
      • In and Around Lindsborg
      • Sohlberg House with Parents >
        • Our Sohlberg Home and Neighbor Alma Luise Olson
      • Sohlberg House with Emil 1916 to 1920 >
        • Lydia's Travels with Deere 1916 - 1930s >
          • Lydia's California Photographs for Painting >
            • Lydia's "Palm Springs Pictorial Magazine, 1938-1939 >
              • Lydia's California Pressed Wild Flowers, c1930
      • "LYDIA'S WORLD" Photography Exhibitions in Lindsborg, 2005 - 2011 >
        • ​"LYDIA'S WORLD" Smoky Valley descendant friends caring for her work ​ ~ Honoring them and remembering them ~ 2005-2011
      • 2021 Lindsborg's Lydia Sohlberg Deere ~ Discovered by Palm Springs, former "NY Times" Writer of Lindsborg's Christina Lillian
    • Lydia as Bethany College Lane Hart Hall Dean of Women, 1906 - 1913 ~ Swedish and Scandinavian Handwork Instructor >
      • Lydia's Signatured Black Book of Her Handwritten Sewing Instructions >
        • Nina Sohlberg's Child's Sewing "Little Dots" PICTURE BOOK
      • Lydia Sohlberg Deere's 1927 "Lindsborg Swedish Club's" Handwork and Members >
        • The Lindsborg Swedish Club's "Allers Monster-Tidnings" magazine, 1940
    • Lydia's Art, 1919-1938 >
      • Lydia's Art: The Kansas Collection >
        • The Sketches
      • Lydia's Art: The Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, South Dakota Collection >
        • The Sketches
      • Lydia's Art: The California Collection >
        • The Sketches >
          • Lydia's "Palm Springs Magazine " 1938-39
    • Lydia's Art Professor Sven Birger Sandzén, 1871-1954 >
      • Lydia's Assignments for Professor Sandzén >
        • Students of Sandzén 2019 Exhibition >
          • Bethany Home ~ Celebrating Artist Birger Sandzén through his students' paintings
    • Lydia's Art Professor Birger Sandzén's "Art Exhibitions" and "Reviews" .. 1893-1940 >
      • Lydia's Art Professor Sandzén's Exhibition at the Babcock Gallery in New York, 1922
      • Lydia's Sandzén's Body of Work Reviewed by N.Y.C, 1984 "American Impressionism," author William H. Gerdts
    • Lydia's and Sandzén's Swedish Artist Friend Charles Edward Hallberg, 1855-1940
    • Lydia's and Sandzén's Swedish Artist Friend Oscar Brousse Jacobson, 1882-1966
    • Lydia’s Sohlberg Family Connection to Sandzén, 1880-1894-1993
  • Scientist Emil O. Deere
    • Deere's & Lydia's Bethany -- Lydia's Bethany Photography, 1906-1925 >
      • Bethany College "Campus from Above"
      • Bethany College "The Gateway," 1917 and "Bethany Campus Association," 1912
      • Bethany College "College Street," today's "North First Street"
      • Bethany College "Campus Life"
      • Bethany College "Field Trips"
      • Bethany College's "Earliest Buildings" >
        • Bethany College "​Ladies Dormitory" / "Lane Hart Hall" 1883 - 1899 - 1983
        • Bethany College "Old Main" 1887-1968 >
          • Lydia's and Emil's Old Main Apartments, 1920 to 1940 >
            • Deere's Bethany College Classes in Old Main
        • Bethany College "Messiah Auditorium" / "Ling Auditorium" / "Ling Gymnasium" 1895 - 1946
        • Bethany College "Swedish Pavilion," 1904
        • Bethany College "​Carnegie Library" / "Bethany Library" 1908 - 1980
        • Bethany College "​Bethany Academy" 1882 -- Swensson's Bethany's Beginnings
    • Deere's 1959 Interview on Rev. Dr. Carl A. Swensson (On YouTube) >
      • Rev. Dr. Carl Aaron Swensson, 1857-1904 ~ An account by Dr. Lindquist >
        • Swensson's "Bethany Lutheran Church" and the "Augustana Lutheran Synod"
        • Swensson's Bethany's Beginnings: "The Bethany Academy of 1882"
        • Olsson's Influence, the Swenssons,' the Musicians' and Singers,' "Messiah," 1882 on … >
          • Mr. Thure Olof Jaderborg, Sr. ~ One Lindsborg "Messiah" Commitment from 1901-1954
        • Swensson's Swedish Artists of the 1890s
        • Swensson's "Bethany College Museum," 1882 - 1966
      • In Memorium**Dr. Carl Aaron Swensson, 1904 ~ An account by Dr. Lindquist
    • Deere's Rev. Dr. Ernst F. Pihlblad, 1873-1943 ~ An account by Dr. Lindquist >
      • In Memoriam**Dr. Ernst F. Pihlblad, 1943
      • Rev. Dr. Pihlblad on Bethany College, 1904 - 1941
    • Deere's Swensson's "Bethany College Museum" 1882-1966 >
      • Deere's Swensson's Bethany College Museum Collections ~ to 1966
      • Deere's Dr. Lungstrom's Bethany College "Museum" Chapter >
        • Coronado Expedition Chain Mail and Bethany College Museum History ~ An account from Dr. Lungstrom's book
      • Dr. Lungstrom's "Three Pioneer Scientists of Swedish Descent"
    • Deere's Smithsonian Institution's Souvenir, 1904
    • Deere's 1940 Presidential Address to the Kansas Academy of Science
    • Deere's 1955 Letter to President Eisenhower re Tuttle Creek
    • Deere's Service, 1901-1966 ~ The bullet points >
      • Deere's Education & Degrees
    • The Deere's Library ~ What remains of 2,000 books -- pending project
    • Deere's Old Main Office ​ ~ SVHA member Mrs. Jaderborg in charge of cleaning it out
  • "The Other Swedes"
    • Honoring Them and Remembering Them ~ The Smoky Valley Writers >
      • Rev. Bror Carlsson ~ Tracing Värmland's Rev. Olof Olsson's church life in Sweden and in ​Swedish America with the Augustana Lutheran Synod >
        • 2001 "He Gave God Glory" - "The Story of Olof Olsson" ​~ Alf Brorson's condensed version of his father's, Rev. Bror Carlsson's 1955 manuscript, "Jag Sökte Icke Mitt," "I Did Not Seek My Own" >
          • "He Gave God Glory" ~ The Story of Olof Olsson ~ Contents & Illustrations
      • Rev. Dr. Carl Aaron Swensson ~ Prolific writer in America and Sweden from approximately 1879 to 1904
      • Bethany Church, Bethany College, Augustana Lutheran Synod Writers ​~ Remembering Rev. Dr. Carl Aaron Swensson and Rev. Dr. Ernst Frederick Pihlblad
      • ​Rev. Dr. Alfred Bergin ​~ In Swedish, writing and compiling foundational history of Swedish Smoky Valley Augustana Lutheran settlements, in 1909 and 1919 >
        • 1909 translated to "Pioneer Swedish-American Culture in Central Kansas," 1965 ~ By Mrs. Bergin Billdt
        • 1919 translated to "The Smoky Valley in The After Years," 1969 ~ By Mrs. Bergin Billdt & Mrs. Jaderborg
      • Dr. Emory K. Lindquist ~ "Fourth" President of Bethany College ~ Chronicling Swedish Augustana Lutheran Lindsborg and Bethany College from their earliest years >
        • ​1953, "Smoky Valley People, A History of Lindsborg, Kansas" ~ The Words of Dr. Lindquist and Contents & Illustrations
        • 1975 "Bethany in Kansas, the history of a college" ~ The Words of Dr. Lindquist >
          • "Bethany in Kansas" PART I ~ Contents & Illustrations
          • "Bethany in Kansas" PART II ~ Contents & Illustrations
        • 1984 "Hagbard Brase, Beloved Music Master" ~ The Words of Dr. Lindquist >
          • "Hagbard Brase" ~ Contents and Illustrations
        • 1989 "G. N. Malm - A Swedish Immigrant's Varied Career" ~ The Words of Dr. Lindquist with chapters by Hasselmo, Holm, Skårdal, & translation by Van Boer >
          • "G. N. Malm" ~ Contents & Illustrations
      • Mrs. Elizabeth Jaderborg ​ ~ Chronicling the Lindsborg of her day, its early histories, its early citizens [Remarks on Dr. Einar Jaderborg and Messiah Bass Soloist Thure Jaderborg] >
        • 1965 "Lindsborg On Record" ~ Contents & Illustrations
        • 1967 "Living in Lindsborg and Other Possibilities" ~ Contents & Illustrations
        • 1973 "Talk About Lindsborg" ~ Contents & Illustrations
        • 1976 "Why Lindsborg" ~ An introduction: H. M. Carl XVI Gustaf of the Kingdom of Sweden >
          • 1976 "Why Lindsborg?" ~ Contents & Illustrations
        • ​1990 "Two Reprints" ~ Contents & Illustrations
      • Mr. A. John Pearson ~ Chronicling the "first" 8 Bethany College presidents, "Messiah" history and much more >
        • 1981 ​On "Bethany College" History for 100 Years ~ The Words of Mr. Pearson
        • ​​1982 On " 'Messiah" Centennial History for 100 Years ​ ~ The Compiler, and the Words of, Mr. A. John Pearson ​
      • Rev. Eugene K. Nelson and the Bethany Home Writers ~ Chronicling the "only known written" story on the beginnings of Bethany Home​ of 1907
      • Dr. Leon G. Lungstrom ​~ Chronicling Bethany College natural science and mathematics, the professors and societies, the Museum, and Old Main, 1881-1990 >
        • ​1990 "History of Natural Science and Mathematics at Bethany College, Lindsborg, Kansas" ~ "Table of Contents" >
          • Dr. Lungstrom Chapters >
            • "Introduction"
            • "Bethany College History Concerning the Natural Sciences and Mathematics"
            • Bethany College "Museum" ​
            • "Societies on the College Campus Associated with Mathematics and Natural Sciences"
            • ​"Tabulation of Teachers and Assistants in Natural Sciences and Mathematics"
            • The Old Main Building and Nelson Science Hall"
            • Bethany College Catalogue Cover
          • Dr. Lungstrom's References >
            • "Bethany Messenger" ~ Science and mathematics' headlines ~ 1893 to 1987
            • "Lindsborg News-Record" ~ Science and mathematics' headlines ~ 1901 to 1990
            • "Bethany College Magazine" ~ Science and mathematics' headlines ~ 1954 to 1990
            • "Daisy" and/or "Bethanian" ~ List of Science & Math Faculty Photographs ~ 1908 - 1990
        • Dr. Lungstrom ~ "Master Teacher" "Master Learner" >
          • Dr. Lungstrom ~ His Värmland Swedish ancestry and tough years on the McPherson County family farm
      • Smoky Valley Historical Association Members ~ Chronicling 1993 " Where Did They Live? " "Early Residences of Lindsborg, Kansas"
      • Mr. Thomas N. Holmquist ~ Chronicling Lindsborg's neighbors, the Galesburg Augustana Lutheran Swedes of Salemsborg and Freemount, with a personal connection, 1868 >
        • ​1994 "Pioneer Cross: Swedish Settlements Along the Smoky Hill Bluffs" ~ The Words of Mr. Holmquist
        • "Pioneer Cross" ~ Contents & Illustrations
      • Mr. Alf Brorson ~ Connecting Lindsborg Swedes to their Swedish Lutheran Christian Founder Rev. Olsson in 2001, and to Sweden with the "Sweden Letter" since 2008
      • Mr. Chris Abercrombie ~ Remembering him as historian, writer, researcher, interviewer and collector of local artifacts - Remembering his legacy >
        • ~The 2006 Abercrombie interview with Ken Sjogren on Bethany's challenging times, 1960s to early 70s
      • Mr. Bill Carlson ~ Chronicling Lindsborg's earliest and later histories with a personal connection, since 1867 >
        • 2011 "Lindsborg Then and Lindsborg Now" ​ ~ The words of Bill Carlson >
          • "Lindsborg Then and Lindsborg Now" ​ ~ The words of Bill Carlson, the "Conclusion" chapter >
            • "Lindsborg Then and Lindsborg Now" ~ Contents & Illustrations
        • 2016 ~ Mr. Calrson's account of "1976 King of Sweden's Visit to Bethany Home'"
      • Ms. Karen A. Humphrey ~ Chronicling highlights of Swedish Augustana Lutheran Lindsborg and Bethany College culture in the earliest years >
        • 2012 "Grace, Faith and the Power of Singing: The Alma Christina Lind Swensson Story" ~The Words of Ms. Humphrey
        • "Grace, Faith and the Power of Singing" ~ Contents & Illustrations
      • ​​​Mrs. Margaret Dahlquist Eddy ~ Chronicling Lindsborg Photographer Swede B.G. Gröndal Work's >
        • 2013 "Through the Lens of B.G. Gröndal: Keeper of His Time" ~ ​Contents & Photograph Titles ~ Showing Sohlberg Deere Gröndal portraits
      • ​ Mr. Kenneth Sjogren ​~ Saving and serving Bethany College, preserving college and Swedish history and culture, writing college history >
        • ​2019 "6 Decades with 12 Bethany College Presidents"​ ~ The words of Mr. Sjogren
        • "6 Decades with 12 Bethany College Presidents"​ ~ Illustrations and Chapters
      • ​Digitalize the Smoky Valley Writers' Swedish and Swedish American histories ~ For their generations to come and for research accessibility
    • ​Honoring Them and Remembering Them ~ The ​Smoky Valley History Research Writers Website Designers
    • Honoring Them and Remembering Them ~ The Lindsborg Swedes, Their Neighbors & Friends >
      • ​Rev. Dr. Olof Olsson ~ Remembering Swedish Lutheran Christian Founder of Lindsborg and Bethany Lutheran Church ​~ LINKS to accounts by Rev. Bror Carlsson, Mr. Alf Brorson, and Dr. Emory K. Lindquist
      • ​​Rev. Dr. Carl Aaron Swensson ~ Remembering “Founder” and "Second President" of Bethany College ~ LINKS to accounts by Dr. Emory K. Lindquist, and much more
      • ​Mrs. Alma Christina Lind Swensson ~ Remembering her as Mrs. Rev. Dr. Swensson, the “First Lady” of Lindsborg, ~ "Highlights" from Ms. Humphrey’s book
      • ​Rev. Dr. Edward J. Nelander​ ~ Remembering "First" President of Bethany College ~ Accounts by Dr. Lindquist and Dr. Lundstrom
      • Dr. Johan August Udden ~ Remembering "First" Bethany College professor, founder of the Museum and Spanish Chain Mail, led UT to over $300,000,000 ~ An account by Dr. Lundstrom
      • Mr. B.G. Gröndal ~ Remembering him and his photography in the earliest years of Lindsborg and Bethany College >
        • B.G. Gröndal ~ Accounts by Mr. Abercrombie and Mrs. Jaderborg with LINK to Mrs. Eddy, B.G.'s granddaughter's book review
      • ​Mr. Samuel Thorstenberg ~ Remembering him as the "first" earliest internationally acclaimed Bethany College "Messiah Chorus" conductor
      • Dr. Hagbard Brase ~ Remembering him as the "second " earliest internationally acclaimed Bethany College "Messiah Chorus" conductor
      • Rev. Dr. Ernst F. Pihlblad ~ "Third" President of Bethany College ~ An account by Dr. Lindquist
      • Miss Alma Luise Olson ~ Remembering her as "First Honored American Woman by Sweden" ~ The 1965 account by ​Mrs. Jaderborg >
        • Miss Alma Luise Olson ~ Remembering her and the extraordinary life she led at home and abroad ~ The 2012 account by Ms. Humphrey
      • Artist Birger Sandzén ~ Remembering him for "sharing his art with the world," starting "first" at Lindsborg's Bethany College >
        • The Greenoughs ~ Drs. Charles Pelham III and Margaret Elizabeth Sandzén ~ Remembering them for their gift of the Birger Sandzén Memorial Gallery and much more
      • Mr. Gustaf Nathaniel Malm ~ Remembering Lindsborg's Swedish Renaissance Man ~ Accounts by Dr. Lindquist >
        • G. N. Malm and all he did for the Lindsborg community ~ An account by Mrs. Jaderborg >
          • G. N. Malm and his Lindsborg's national interior decorating company ​​~ An account by Mrs. Jaderborg​ >
            • G. N. Malm's 1916 Christmas Greetings to His Lindsborg Friends
      • The Swedish Lindsborg Builders ~ Remembering them for the lovely homes they built
      • William Holwerda, M.D. ~ Remembering him as "Doc Bill," a city father and loving citizen ~ Accounts by Dr. Lungstrom and Mrs. Jaderborg >
        • Dr. William Holwerda ~ Remembering their family doctor with Messiah Lutheran Church tributes ~ An account by Dr. Lungstrom
      • Mr. & Mrs. Hilding Jaderborg ~ Remembering them and their “Swedish Crafts Shop” of 65 years and 50 trips to Sweden
      • Artist Lester Raymer ~ Remembering him as the renowned virtuoso artist and "behind the scenes" community supporter
      • Dr. ​& Mrs. Elmer Copley ~ Remembering them and their 29 years of dedication to that Bethany College "Messiah" tradition of excellence >
        • 1976 Dr. Elmer Copley ~ Remembering him as the “Messiah” conductor for the Bethany College "Swedish King’s," Carl XVI Gustaf's, performance >
          • 1981 Dr. Elmer Copley ~ Remembering him as the "Messiah" conductor for the Bethany College "Centennial Celebration" performance >
            • 1986 Dr. Elmer Copley ~ ~Remembering him as the “Messiah” conductor for the Bethany College televised Holy Easter Week "American Easter"
      • ​Dr. Arvin W. Hahn ​~ Remembering him, Ken Sjogren and others ​ for saving Bethany College from going under! -- "A Miracle in the Making" >
        • Dr. Arvin W. Hahn ~ Remembering him handing me my Bethany College "Bachelor of Arts" Degree on Sunday, May 26,1968
      • Dr. Greta Swenson and Mr. & Mrs. Mark Esping ~ Remembering them for founding Lindsborg's “first” "Swedish-American Folklife Institute of Central Kansas," 1986 >
        • Mr. & Mrs. Mark Esping ~ Remembering their Lindsborg's Folklife Institute's "Swedish-American Heritage Center," 1996
      • Mr. Claude Koehn ~ Remembering him as restorer and preservationist of Smoky Valley stone farmhouses and other stone structures
      • ​Ms. Rebecca Copley ~ Honoring her as Bethany College's “first” graduate to become an "International Concert and Opera Soprano" >
        • Ms. Copley's International Reviews
      • Mr. Bruce Karstadt ~ Honoring him as a Bethany College graduate for heading up a major national Swedish American institution
      • Dr. Mark Lucas ~ Honoring him as Messiah conductor for bringing the Holy Easter Lindsborg “Oberammergau of the Plains" to a “new” world audience in 2020
    • Honoring Them and Remembering Them ~ The Groupings, including Swedes from Sweden >
      • ​1882-1966 Bethany College Museum Science Professor Curators ​~ Their earliest collectors and the taxidermists
      • 1894-1962 Bethany College Graduates in Augustana Lutheran Synod World Mission Work ~ An account by Dr. Emory K. Lindquist
      • 1901-2014 The ​Bethany College Swedish Knights and Ladies ~ Honored by the Kings of Sweden
      • ​​1919 "Lindsborg Historical Society's" earliest leaders ~ Their mission and preservation projects >
        • 1963 "Smoky Valley Historical Association" (SVHA) later leaders ​~ Some more recent preservation projects
      • ​1962 - 2021 "McPherson County Old Mill Museum Leaders" ~ Detailing ​the Museum's roots to the 1930s ". . . Archeological Society" and more
      • ​1971 - 2020 "American Scandinavian Association of the Great Plains" Leaders ~ Providing cultural history and heritage programs with significant links to Sweden and Swedish America
      • 1976 His Majesty the King of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf's Visit to Lindsborg April 17th >
        • The Lindsborg & Bethany College "Swedes" ~ Honored by the King of Sweden, June 6, 1976
      • 1977​ Swedish Emigrant Institute Staff from Växjö, Småland, Visits Lindsborg October 16-18
      • 1978 Swedish Documen- tary Film Crew Visits Lindsborg October 2-9 >
        • "Lindsborg News-Record" Clippings of 1978 Swedish Film Crew Visit
  • Contacts
    • For 1869 Lindsborg CONTACT Today > > > > > > > > to Yesteryears > >
      • ​Lydia's Lindsborg Photography​, ​1900 - 1925 >
        • "A Time to Remember" 1882 - 1988 >
          • A Historical Count of Lindsborg Residents ~The Bethany College Presidents & Swedish Kings Honoring Bethany Swedes
    • ​For 1881 Bethany College CONTACT Today > > > > > > > > > to Yesteryears > >
      • Lydia's Bethany Photography, 1906 - 1925 >
        • Their "I WAS THERE" Coin ~ Bethany College 21st Year Celebration, 1902 >
          • "A Time to Remember" 1882 - 1988 >
            • A Historical Count ~The Bethany College Presidents & Swedish Kings Honoring Bethany Swedes >
              • "Bethany Campus Walk”
    • For 1957 Birger Sandzén Memorial Gallery CONTACT Today >
      • Sandzén: "Ecstasy of Color" ~ PBS Doucmentary ~ Aired 6/11/21
    • Closing Remarks >
      • ​ The 1941 Smoky Valley "Pioneer Cross Memorial" ​~ ​By Mr. Thomas N. Holmquist >
        • The 2009 "Smoky Valley Swedish People's Virtual Memorial"
    • Traveling through SWEDES ~ The Table of Contents
Swedish Immigration Story,1854
​
Every Swedish American Smoky Valley descendant has an immigration story!   Here is Lydia's and mine.

​If this story holds very little interest to you, what might hold your interest would be the subsection on the Swedish collections.  To start on that, go HERE to the From Sweden with Love Collections.  To carry on with Lydia's and my Swedish Immigration Story, 1854, read on. 

For background, Lydia's parents were Swedish Lutheran Christians whose American Swedish Lutheran churches were part of the newly formed 1860 American Swedish Augustana Lutheran Synod of Illinois.

Lydia's immigration story is called The Story of the Old Spoon.  It was written down by her, at the request of her mother Ingrid Elis Anderson Sohlberg who wanted a recording of the family history, just unknowingly, before the death of Ingrid's husband, Anders Gustaf Sohlberg, in 1908.  Thus, she dictated the story to Lydia at Sohlberg House, located a few houses south of the Bethany College Campus where Lydia was working as the Lady Principal and Matron of the ladies' dormitory, Lane Hart Hall. 

Lydia begins The Story of the Old Spoon with the following:

   "Although pioneer times were days of many hardships, my parents look back upon that time as a most interesting time in their lives. One day my mother asked that I write a sketch of their pioneer experiences to serve as a record for the family and this simple story is a result of her request.

   " The two main subjects of the story are:  Anders Gustaf and Ingrid Elis Sohlberg.

   "While the story is laid in Minnesota, the family moved to McPherson, Kansas in 1880 and to Lindsborg, Kansas in 1904.

   "These two pioneers are now at rest in the cemetery east of Lindsborg."

 The Author.
*   *   *
A Preface and a Poem not part of the story were recently discovered which I include here as they really set the scene.

                                                                                                 Preface

   After many years of loving service, it was with great regret that Mother put aside her work. At times she laid aside the book she was reading and sat idly by as we did the work that was so long had been hers.
   At such times she often lived her life over again, in memory. She would then relate an incident with the same enthusiasm that she had lived it. Was it memory of gladness she again enjoyed its pleasure, was it of pathos, she saw in it a kind Providence that had shaped her destiny and given courage to endure.
   Often she settled down to quiet thinking while she entertained such memories as each soul has which are too sacred to discuss. After one such reverie she said "You should record these incidents of our frontier life. They are conditions that have passed and the day will come when you shall have forgotten that which we have told you and you will regret the forgetting."
   This advice encouraged me to take notes as she related incidents from their frontier life, and these led to this simple story. She also informed me of her early life in Sweden.
   One Sunday afternoon I asked Father to tell of his early life and additional frontier incidents. He laid aside the book he was reading and gave me the story in short. He gave it from memory including dates and places, with an accuracy that was marvelous.
   He went to the upper drawer of his "bureau" where he kept sacred relics of the past. He brought forth the little old diary of the honeymoon trip, which was worn and yellow with age, and he told of those days. Also the naturalization papers and the post masters certificate of long ago, and he told of those days. After it all was told the mementos were tucked away again, he took up his book and read on from where he had been interrupted a short time before.
   Serenely he read on, little realizing that his life’s history had been told to the end and that Time had turned the last page and had already dipped the pen to write the word "Finis."   The Sunday following this he was laid away to his last rest.


The Pioneer Spoon

O Silver Spoon so cracked and worn and bent,
True service to someone you must have have lent.
Come tell us your story of many cares,
That in your metal has made such tares.
 
"Yes, I am only a worn-out old silver spoon.
Once I was perfect and bright as the summer’s moon,
But Fate ordained my life to frontier life;
Went togethered all shared the hardship and strife
That molded a country of wealth and freedom
From a tangle of Nature’s primitive kingdom.
Thus I gave my wealth of grace and beauty,
A sacrifice on the altar of duty,
Listen then while the tail I relate,
Of my life from its first to this worn out state."
​


"The trunks had been packed...One trunk contained bed linen and Ingrid's trousseau ... all were homegrown, homespun, and homemade." pg 7
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Ingrid Elis Anderson Sohlberg's Swedish Trunk
Below Ingrid is reading her Bible in Sohlberg House.
  I can almost imagine Lydia sitting next to her there as Ingrid tells the story of their family history.
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Below is the summary of The Story of the Old Spoon adding newly discovered facts to the story and continues it when the family reaches the Swedish lands of Kansas in 1880 and settles first in the town of McPherson.  Anders and Ingrid finally complete their journey from Sweden in 1904, fifty years later, when they retire in Swedish Lindsborg.

​To America from Sweden 1854

A Love Story and Their Work
It was in Eksjö that my great great grandparents, Anders Gustaf Sohlberg (1829-1908) and Ingrid Elis Anderson (1830-1914), first met in this south central town of Sweden.  He was in the tanning trade there, had had strenuous training in Vende’s Artillery as part of his military service in Kristianstad, and was confirmed in Oshult where he was born, schooled there and in Växjö.  She was born and confirmed in Bårarp near the city of Jönköping and worked as a seamstress in a dressmaking shop there, where her boss, the madam, would visit Paris once a year to secure new styles for their customers. Both Anders and Ingrid were new to Eksjö.

Eksjö
- the town where Anders and Ingrid met -
Each of them was attending the theatre with their friends. Anders fell in love with Ingrid that evening, and was already in love with the idea of going to the New World.  Religious issues or a dire economic future in Sweden were fortunately not the reasons for Anders’ desire to leave his country.  It was more for the adventure of leaving what was known, for the unknown and the possible promise of many opportunities that urged him to go to America.

 Ulric Sohlberg would stay behind in Sweden
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Anders' only brother, Ulric Sohlberg, (1832-1900) would stay behind in Sweden and do very well in his many business enterprises, one of which where he would become the superintendent of the Kosta Glasbruk Factory (today's Kosta Boda Company) in Kosta, Sweden.  Here is where his first son, Ernst (Ernest) would be born, my great grandfather, and would join his Uncle Anders in America, in McPherson, Kansas, in 1885, to work for him in his mercantile business in the position of Secretary/Treasurer.  Ernst would marry his cousin Selma Sohlberg, his uncle Anders' daughter in 1888.

Ulric's three daughters, Ernst's sisters -- Alma, Nina and Emma -- would become seamstresses and embroiderers and show their gold thread embroidery samplers to the Swedish royal courts for commission work.  One of those samplers belonging to Nina Sohlberg would be passed on to my grandmother Nina Sohlberg Fry, from Stockholm to Lindsborg, Kansas, in 1955 by a lawyer after all Ulric's family had passed away.
Anders' and Ulric’s father, also named Anders, was a Gustavsfors’ Bruks Patron, the Bruks of which included a flour mill, nail factory and mercantile business.  The bond between these two brothers and their families after Anders immigrated to America was very strong as proved by their  "Sweden America" correspondence through the years.

Anders' and Ingrid's Marriage and Honeymoon to America
 With Anders’ convincing Ingrid to join him on this once in a lifetime journey, on Midsummer Saturday June 24, 1854, they were married at Ingrid’s Bårarp home.  For this wonderful, yet sad farewell, event with relatives and neighbors in attendance, numbering 100, Ingrid wore a beautiful black wool dress with bodice and cuffs of white lace and tulle.  On Ingrid’s head rested the traditional Swedish crown of myrtle leaves and flowers.
 
Within days of their marriage, the newlyweds were headed, with Ingrid's sister, Ulricka Anderson, for America.  The journey began by boat over Lake Wettern and through the Göta Canal onto Göteborg and then onto Oslo (then called Christiania), Norway.  Here, they boarded a high-masted sailing vessel, the capacity of which could hold no more than 250 passengers.
 
This vessel brought them safely to the New World after a very long voyage characterized by great hardship where they witnessed many people dying on board from dysentery and where they participated in on-going funeral services each concluding with the deceased sliding off the gang plank into the Atlantic Ocean.
 
For Anders (25) and Ingrid (24), this had not only been their honeymoon at sea, it was the beginning of the American pioneering life that for much of their lives would be devoid of any comforts of what they had known in Sweden.  However, tough as it was though, their Christian faith and determination to succeed pushed them forward to share a very exciting, hardworking, long and satisfying life together as husband and wife, with this long journey finally ending with eight children in Swedish Kansas.
                                                           
          
                                                                        Sohlberg Pioneer Beginnings
Illinois 1854
(Statehood in 1818)
 
On reaching the shores of North America, Anders, Ingrid, Ulricka and their fellow passengers were quarantined for a week on a small Canadian island at the entrance to the great St. Lawrence Seaway. When the quarantine week was over, the threesome headed inland by way of the Seaway to Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.  From there, they went by rail via Detroit to Chicago, the Swedish immigrant destination of their time, only to discover that its population of 40,000 was being plagued by cholera.
 
Despite thousands dying in this Chicago epidemic, these three pressed on and located living quarters on Kinsey Street, two blocks from the Clark Street Bridge.  Anders went into the tailor business with another Swedish gentleman locating their shop at the intersection of Lake and Canal Streets. Although excited about the prospects of his first American business and working very hard at it, the business failed and Anders, himself, was stricken with cholera and almost died.
 
Their first home in America had a lot to be desired. So, saying goodbye to their new Swedish Chicago friends and acquaintances, they moved on to Wisconsin where the word was that Swedish opportunity for economic success was far greater.
 
Wisconsin 1857
(Statehood in 1848)
 
In Grand Rapids, today known as Wisconsin Rapids, Anders became engaged in the logging and shingle business, and, while living in various places including logging camps, Ingrid gave birth to three children.
 
Their first born was Henry William Gustaf in Wood County in 1857.  He lived only 3 months and was buried near the woodshed by their cabin.  The deep grief of this loss was incredibly difficult for both parents and for Ulricka, who would eventually return to Chicago.  (In later years, the grave of their dear first-born would be covered by the paved streets of this rapidly growing city.)
 
Their first daughter Jenny Amelia was born in Randolph Township, Wood County in 1859; and, near the Wisconsin River in Centralia, Wood County their second son Carl Theodore was born in 1861.  This was the year that Abraham Lincoln became president of the United States and that Kansas entered the Union opposing slavery; and, the year before this, Anders became a naturalized citizen of the United States.
 
In the face of their shared sadness over Henry William Gustaf, life in Wisconsin moved forward for this hardworking couple.  Anders put in very long hours on his business while Ingrid helped him steam shingles and lovingly cared for their children creating comfortable inviting homes out of very little that cabin wilderness life had to offer them.
 
Each time a cargo of shingles was ready for market, Anders would load them onto a large raft which he sailed down the Wisconsin River to the Mississippi River market location.  Finding this to be an exciting adventure, he, also, was always in anticipation of making a good profit from the sale of his goods. 
 
On his last trip in 1862, however, Anders and another Swede were suddenly caught on the strong river currents which capsized their fully loaded raft.  They lived to tell the story, but lost their year’s work! 
 
This economic catastrophe for Anders, along with the recent death of one of their two oxen and the lingering memory of Henry William Gustaf’s fate, personally, made living quite unbearable at times. Add to that, nationally, was the full-scale Civil War raging in the south causing money and property to greatly depreciate in value bringing many businesses to a standstill.
 
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Their church in Red Wing, Minnesota
Minnesota 1862
(Statehood in 1858)
 
After learning of President Lincoln’s Homestead Act that he signed into law on May 20, 1862, Anders moved the family to Minnesota to homestead.   Here, he and Ingrid met Swedish settlers who told them frightful stories of Sioux attacks in the area.  Yet, living in at least three Minnesota settlements over a period of eighteen years, they were blessed with safety and peace with only a few visits from very hungry friendly Sioux who Ingrid bravely and graciously fed. 
 

It was in Minnesota that Anders and Ingrid had the rest of their family—Gustaf George in 1863, at Red Wing, Goodhue County located on the shores of the Mississippi River; Selma Charlotte, my great grandmother in 1867, and Robert Henry Napoleon in 1869, both at Oscar Lake, Douglas County; and at Holmes City, Douglas County, the twins: Ida Maria and Anna Matilda in 1871, and Lydia Elida in 1873. 
Homesteading was not an easy occupation, yet Anders and Ingrid were pushing on with him providing well for his family.  He eventually sold their homestead and became an owner of a mercantile store in Holmes City and was elected its “first” postmaster.  There, all the Sohlberg family received schooling from a live-in bachelor who tutored them.
 
Yet, due to Anders’ ongoing health problems most likely starting in Chicago, and, with new developments of bronchitis bouts in the frigid Minnesota winters, he reluctantly followed his doctor’s suggestion to move his family to a warmer climate found in the Swedish lands of Kansas in 1880.
Thus, ends Lydia's Story of the Old Spoon, and I now continue it with the family's arrival in Kansas.
Kansas 1880
(Statehood in 1861)
 
So, in 1880, Anders (51), Ingrid (50), and the family moved to the rich agricultural Central Plains of Kansas where Smoky Hill River Valley (Smoky Valley) Swedish settlements and small cities flourished, many overlooked by the bluffs to the northwest, so discovered by Spanish explorer Francisco Coronado in 1541 and named Coronado Heights in the 1920s. 


 McPherson -- Getting Settled and the Beginning of a Most Significant Friendship
(Founded in 1872)
The first city they were to call home for twenty-four years was McPherson with a population of about 1600.  In 1881 on February 22nd, they became Charter members of the Swedish Lutheran Church there, known today as Trinity Lutheran Church.  Before its establishment, Anders and Ingrid and other worshipers would travel by horse and buggy or wagon over nine miles northeast to the Swedish New Gotland Church for services. 
 
Their eldest daughter Jenny Sohlberg would be married to prominent Lutheran Pastor Aron Wahlin, born in Morlunda, Kalmar, Sweden, of Rock Island, Illinois Augustana College who was pastor of this church from 1886 to his death in 1904.  Pastor Wahlin and wife Jenny would be laid to rest with some of their nine children at this church’s cemetery.
 
Anders, at some point, during his travels westward, began to be called A. G. for Anders Gustaf, so A.G. is how he was addressed in McPherson.  This American nickname was reflected in the name of his business on Kansas and Main Streets which was named “A. G. Sohlberg & Co,” in the early 1880s.  The name changed in the 1890s to “A.G. Sohlberg Mercantile Co.”


The most significant and lifelong friendship they would make, though, was through A.G.’s business, a family friendship that would filter down to the fifth generation of his family.  This friendship would be with the Eric and Charlotta Leksell family.  Eric was vice president of A.G.’s business, and he and Charlotta would became God-parents to Nina Sohlberg Fry, A.G. and Ingrid’s granddaughter whose mother was their daughter Selma, my great grandmother.
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It was also at this same time that Eric and Charlotta Leksell’s daughter Alfida would meet Lindsborg Bethany College art professor Birger Sandzén who she would marry, the union of which would produce one daughter, Margaret Elizabeth Sandzén, whose life and family friendship would not only embrace Nina but her daughter Lois, and granddaughters Melinda Cochran O’Leary and myself. 
 

Not known then, but years later, Margaret’s father would become a renowned twentieth century Swedish American artist, being knighted by the King of Sweden two times.  In 1957, Margaret and her husband, Dr. Charles Pelham Greenough, III, would co-found Lindsborg’s “Birger Sandzén Memorial Gallery,” fulfilling her desire to honor her father and his memory, and to preserve and share his life’s work of art, not only for Lindsborg, Bethany College, and the Smoky Valley which he so loved, but far beyond these Swedish entities.
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Anders and Ingrid would live a good, prosperous, and peaceful life in McPherson watching their children grow, some of whom attended McPherson College and/or Bethany Lutheran College in Lindsborg, while other children went into business for themselves, marrying and beginning their families.

Lindsborg -- Welcome to a Swedish Cultural Mecca
(Settled in 1869)
In 1904 Anders (75) and Ingrid (74) would make their final move to Lindsborg, fourteen miles due north from McPherson. To mark this event, and their 50th wedding anniversary and of leaving Sweden, professional photographic sitting portraits were taken separately of Ingrid and Anders, then of them on the porch of their McPherson home first with their children, and finally of them with their children, the spouses of their children and their grandchildren. The prolific talented Swedish photographer friend Bror Gröndal did this work gladly for this happy occasion.
PENDING
​The McPherson Sohlbergs of 1904
Third row:  George, Robert, Lydia, Theordore; Front
Second row: Twin Ida, Jenny, Selma, Twin Anna
First row:  Anders Gustaf Sohlberg & Ingrid Elis Anderson Sohlberg
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PENDING
The McPherson Sohlbergs of 1904

 Twin Ida, George,  Lydia, Anna Spouse, Roberts Spouse, Theordore; Front
 Robert, Jenny, Ernst, Selma, Twin Anna, Jenny's husband Wallin
Wallin, Hattie, ?, child, walter
child, robert jr,   Anders Gustaf Nina Sohlberg & Ingrid Elis Anderson Sohlberg
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Another photograph this time was taken by daughter Lydia of Anders and Ingrid Sohlberg documenting their move to Lindsborg to Sohlberg House.  It is of their new home which was most likely a gift from their son George Sohlberg.  It is located at 322 North First Street today.  In their day, the street name was College Street.
PENDING
The Sohlbergs of Lindsborg

Sohlberg House
322 North First

Porch -----, Ingrid, A.G. Hattie & Theodore and their Seth
Robert & Robert Jr.;  --- & George, -----, a twin
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Moving to Lindsborg, with a population of approximately 1300, would open up to them a very unique rural world where agriculture reigned yet coexisted with a rich and very busy Swedish culture ever flourishing in Christian, education, art and music endeavors while the ties to Sweden, its church and the King were still strong. 
 
No doubt Anders and Ingrid had already experienced, year in and year out, the Holy Easter Week Lindsborg Bethany College
Oratorio Society Handel Messiah performances, which had their beginnings in 1882, two years after the couple arrived in McPherson.  These performances were destined to attract recognized national and  international professional opera singers and instrumentalist bringing world wide attention to this Swedish American community for decades to come.  The Italian Eloise Vitti from Milan was the first to perform in Bethany's Ling Auditorium in 1899, followed by a long list of renowned performers.

 
On one such Easter in 1908 attending the Messiah
was the Swedish American presidential candidate John A. Johnson Governor of Minnesota who with twenty-six Bethany College and Bethany Lutheran Church supporters posed for a group photograph taken by Lydia in front of Anders' and Ingrid’s home complimented by an American flag of 45 stars hanging from the porch.
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Thus, the retirement years in Lindsborg of these two Swedish pioneers were entertaining and interesting ones, bringing to a perfect end their Swedish American journey of 1854. Anders died at 79 on October 2, 1908 and Ingrid at 84 on February 24, 1914.
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They are at rest at the Lindsborg Elmwood Cemetery in a large white mausoleum purchased by their son Gustaf George who had very large metal letters of S O H L B E R G placed on it.  Due to vandalism, in 1998, the letters were replaced to a name plaque. Their mausoleum is bordered, in front, by the graves of their daughter Lydia Sohlberg Deere (in 1943) and their son-in-law Emil O. Deere (in 1966) and, in back, by the graves of their daughter Ida Maria Sohlberg (1914) and their great granddaughter Lois Jean Fry Cochran (1996), my mother, daughter of Nina Sohlberg Fry, their granddaughter, who was laid to rest at Woodlawn Cemetery, Santa Monica, California in 1974.­­­­­­­­­­­­
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For the full 51 original pages of The Story of the Old Spoon go to the next dropdown page for the pdf version.
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Swedes: TheWayTheyWere
~ restoring lost local histories ~

reconnecting past to present
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All color photography throughout Swedes:  The Way They Were is by Fran Cochran unless otherwise indicated.
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