SWEDES: TheWayTheyWere
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    • The Bethany Artist & the Bethany Scientist: Lydia & Emil ------------------------- \\// >
      • Their 1869 Swedish Lutheran Galesburg Colony and Olsson Colony Smoky Valley Arrivals, ~ With a Galesburg account by Mr. Holmquist >
        • Their Värmland Swedes ~ The "First Swedish Agricultural Company" Lindsborg Founders, 1868, ~ An account by Dr. Lindquist >
          • Swedish Pastor Olof Olsson Emigrating to Lindsborg 1869, June 27th Arrival ~ An account by Dr. Lindquist >
            • Bethany Lutheran Church and Lindsborg Founder Pastor Olsson, 1869 - 1876 ~ An account by Dr..Lindquist
      • Their 1869 "Bethany Lutheran Church" ~ Accounts by Dr. Lindquist and Mr. Carlson >
        • ​Their 1860-1962 "Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Synod" ~ Gaining and losing its Swedish identity >
          • The 1860 Formation of the Augustana Synod ~ An Account by Mr. Holmquist
          • Their 1892 "Augustana Women's Missionary Society" ~ An account by Ms. Humphrey
          • The 2000 - 2016 "Augustana Heritage Association"
      • Their 1879 "Swedish Mission Church" formation by former Bethany Lutheran Church members ​ due to the "atonement" issue ​ ~ An account by Mr. Bill Carlson ~ Part 1 of 2 >
        • Their 1879 '"Swedish Mission Church" formation due to the "atonement" issue ​~ An account by Dr. Lindquist ~ Part 2 of 2
      • Their 1907 "Bethany Lutheran Home" ~ Accounts by Bethany Home Writers >
        • 1976 Lindsborg’s Bethany Home’s Swedish King's Visit ~ An account by Mr. Carlson
      • Their 1909 and 1919 Swedish Smoky Valley Community Chronicles ~ Compiled and written by Bethany Lutheran Church Rev. Dr. Alfred Bergin, members and others >
        • 1909 translated to "Pioneer Swedish-American Culture in Central Kansas," 1965 ~ By Mrs. Bergin Billdt
        • 1919 translated to "The Smoky Valley in The After Years," 1969 ~ By Mrs. Bergin Billdt & Mrs. Jaderborg
      • Their 1910 English speaking "Messiah Lutheran Church" formation by former Bethany Lutheran Church members ~ An account by Dr. Emory K. Lindquist >
        • ~ An account on the Messiah Lutheran Church formation from Rev. Dr. Alfred Bergin's 1909 ​"Pioneer Swedish-American Culture of Central Kansas"
      • Their 1919 Lindsborg Historical Society's "Coronado Heights" ~ Emil's 1907 thesis and Lydia's photographs >
        • The ​1919 formation of the "Lindsborg Historical Society" ~ The Smoky Hills' "Smoky Hill" christened "Coronado Heights" May 8, 1924 >
          • G. N. Malm's role in the development of the Lindsborg Historical Society and Coronado Heights ​~ An account by Dr. Lindquist
          • Lindsborg Historical Society and Coronado Heights History ~ Three (3) accounts by Mrs. Elizabeth Jaderborg, former SVHA secretary >
            • Coronado Expedition Chain Mail and Bethany College Museum History ~ An account from Dr. Lungstrom's book
      • Their 1916 Sohlberg House ​ ~ 322 North First [College] Street ~After their honeymoon
      • Their 1920 Old Main Apartments of Bethany College ~ Living on campus with the students for 20 years
      • Their 1936 1873 Swedish Homestead," "Our Peaceful Acres" >
        • Their 1873 Swede House ~ A close twin to Lindsborg Founder Rev. Olof Olsson's stone house >
          • Peaceful Acres Smoky Valley descendant friends and helpers ~ Honoring them and remembering them
      • Their 1940 Deere Home to 1943 ​~ 344 North First [College] Street ~ With new occupants after Lydia
      • Their 1941 "Svensk Hyllningsfest" and Dr. Holwerda's role ~ Accounts by Dr. Lungstrom, Mrs. Jaderborg, Dr. Holwerda & Mr. Lundstrom >
        • Their 1964, "Lindsborg Swedish Folk Dancers" founded by Mrs. Jaderborg ~ An account by Mr. Chris Abercrombie
      • 1943, after Lydia, Emil's part planning Lindsborg's "first" hospital and Dr. Holwerda's role ~ An account by Dr. Lungstrom
    • Their "1881" Bethany Academy 1882 "First College Building"
    • Their 1882-1966 "Bethany College Museum" ~ The Natural History and Pioneer Collections >
      • Fossils Collection ~ from Old Main to the McPherson County Old Mill Museum, 1966, ~ “The Find” >
        • Taxidermy Collection ~ from Old Main to the McPherson County Old Mill Museum, 1966
      • 900 Item Emil O. Deere Pioneer Collection ~ from Old Main to the McPherson County Old Mill Museum, 1966 >
        • Cliff Dwellers' Pottery Collection ~ from Old Main to Sandzén Memorial Art Gallery, 1966
    • Their “1882 on . . .” Bethany College Handel’s “Messiah" Performances” >
      • "Messiah" Performers, Venues & Audiences, Press and Broadcasts >
        • Special 20th Century "Messiah" Performances >
          • "The Notables, Messiah Week, . . . ~ An account by Mrs. Jaderborg
      • Handel's "Messiah" & Bach's "St. Matthew Passion" ~ Described for viewers unfamiliar with these oratorios
    • Their “1899 on . . .” Bethany College “Swedish Artists’ Midwest Art Exhibition” ​~ An account by the Birger Sandzén Memorial Gallery
    • Their “1902 on . . .” Bethany College ‘Terrible Swedes,’ Their “1903 on” ‘Rockar Stockar’ ~ An account by Dr. Lindquist
    • Their “1904 on . . .” Bethany College St. Louis World's Fair “Swedish Pavilion”
    • Their "1895 to 1981" Bethany College Anniversary Celebrations ~ 15, 20, 25, 100 years >
      • Their Celebrating 15 Years of Bethany College, 1881-1896. The First Bethany Annual, 1895-96
      • Their Celebrating 20 Years of Bethany College, 1881-1901. The "Forget-Me-Not," 1902 >
        • The King of Sweden's Emissary, 1901
        • Yale University's Bethany Club
      • Their Celebrating 25 Years of Bethany College, 1881-1906, "Souvenir of Lindsborg and Bethany College"
      • Their Celebrating 100 Years of Bethany College, 1881-1981, "The Centennial of Bethany College"
    • Their "1937" Bethany College's Introduction to New Sweden ~ Founded in 1638 >
      • Deere's Introduction to New Sweden
  • Swedish Immigration Story, 1854
    • "The Story of the Old Spoon" by Ingrid Anderson Sohlberg & Daughter Lydia Sohlberg Deere, 1937
    • Who They Left Behind
    • From Sweden with Love Collections >
      • The Swedish Sohlberg Kosta Portraits, 1867 >
        • The Swedish Sohlberg Kosta Glass
        • The Swedish Sohlberg Letters
      • The Swedish Sohlberg Royal Gold Thread Embroidery Sampler (c1890s)
      • The Swedish Sohlberg Post Cards (c1890s)
      • The Swedish Sohlberg Magazines, (c1940s)
      • The Swedish Sohlberg Books, 1819/1886 to 1899
      • The Swedish Sohlberg Albums, ~ Late 19th early 20th centuries
      • The Swedish Deere Coins -- 1801-1929
  • Artist Lydia Sohlberg Deere
    • Lydia's Lindsborg Photography, 1900-1925 >
      • The Hats
      • The Smoky River
      • The Smoky Hills >
        • Coronado Heights -- One Winter's Day
      • In and Around Lindsborg
      • Sohlberg House with Parents >
        • Our Sohlberg Home and Neighbor Alma Luise Olson
      • Sohlberg House with Emil 1916 to 1920 >
        • Lydia's Travels with Deere 1916 - 1930s >
          • Lydia's California Photographs for Painting
          • Lydia's Palm Springs Pictorial Magazine, 1938-1939
          • Lydia's California Pressed Wild Flowers, c1930
      • "LYDIA'S WORLD" Photography Exhibitions in Lindsborg, 2005 - 2011 >
        • ​"LYDIA'S WORLD" Smoky Valley descendant friends caring for her work ​ ~ Honoring them and remembering them ~ 2005-2011
      • 2021 Lindsborg's Lydia Sohlberg Deere ~ Discovered by Palm Springs Writer of Lindsborg's Christina Lillian
    • Lydia as Bethany College Lane Hart Hall Dean of Women, 1906 - 1913 >
      • Lydia's Signatured Black Book of Her Handwritten Sewing Instructions >
        • Nina Sohlberg's Child's Sewing "Little Dots" PICTURE BOOK
      • Lydia Sohlberg Deere's 1927 "Lindsborg Swedish Club's" Handwork >
        • The Lindsborg Swedish Club's "Allers Monster-Tidnings" magazine, 1940
    • Lydia's Art, 1919-1938 >
      • Lydia's Art: The Kansas Collection >
        • The Sketches
      • Lydia's Art: The Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico Collection >
        • The Sketches
      • Lydia's Art: The California Collection >
        • The Sketches
        • Lydia's "Palm Springs Magazine " 1938-39
    • Lydia's Art Professor Sven Birger Sandzén, 1871-1954 >
      • Lydia's Assignments for Professor Sandzén >
        • Students of Sandzén 2019 Exhibition
        • Bethany Home ~ Celebrating Artist Birger Sandzén through his students' paintings
    • Lydia's Art Professor Birger Sandzén's "Art Exhibitions" and "Reviews" .. 1893-1940 >
      • Lydia's Art Professor Sandzén's Exhibition at the Babcock Gallery in New York, 1922
      • Lydia's Sandzén's Body of Work Reviewed by N.Y.C, 1984 "American Impressionism," author William H. Gerdts
    • Lydia's and Sandzén's Swedish Artist Friend Charles Edward Hallberg, 1855-1940
    • Lydia's and Sandzén's Swedish Artist Friend Oscar Brousse Jacobson, 1882-1966
    • Lydia’s Sohlberg Family Connection to Sandzén, 1880-1894-1993
  • Scientist Emil O. Deere
    • Deere's & Lydia's Bethany -- Lydia's Bethany Photography, 1906-1925 >
      • Bethany College "Campus from Above"
      • Bethany College "The Gateway," 1917 and "Bethany Campus Association," 1912
      • Bethany College "College Street," today's "North First Street"
      • Bethany College "Campus Life"
      • Bethany College "Field Trips"
      • Bethany College's "Earliest Buildings" >
        • Bethany College "​Ladies Dormitory" / "Lane Hart Hall" 1883 - 1899 - 1983
        • Bethany College "Old Main" 1887-1968 >
          • Lydia's and Emil's Old Main Apartments, 1920 to 1940
          • Deere's Bethany College Classes in Old Main
        • Bethany College "Messiah Auditorium" / "Ling Auditorium" / "Ling Gymnasium" 1895 - 1946
        • Bethany College "Swedish Pavilion," 1904
        • Bethany College "​Carnegie Library" / "Bethany Library" 1908 - 1980
        • Bethany College "​Bethany Academy" 1882 -- Swensson's Bethany's Beginnings
    • Deere's 1959 Interview on Rev. Dr. Carl A. Swensson (On YouTube) >
      • Rev. Dr. Carl Aaron Swensson, 1857-1904 ~ An account by Dr. Lindquist >
        • Swensson's "Bethany Lutheran Church" and the "Augustana Lutheran Synod"
        • Swensson's Bethany's Beginnings: "The Bethany Academy of 1882"
        • Olsson's Influence, the Swenssons,' the Musicians' and Singers,' "Messiah," 1882 on … >
          • Thure Olof Jaderborg ~ One Lindsborg "Messiah" Commitment from 1901-1954
        • Swensson's Swedish Artists of the 1890s
        • Swensson's "Bethany College Museum," 1882 - 1966
      • In Memorium**Dr. Carl Aaron Swensson, 1904 ~ An account by Dr. Lindquist
    • Deere's Rev. Dr. Ernst F. Pihlblad, 1873-1943 ~ An account by Dr. Lindquist >
      • In Memoriam**Dr. Ernst F. Pihlblad, 1943
      • Rev. Dr. Pihlblad on Bethany College, 1904 - 1941
    • Deere's Swensson's "Bethany College Museum" 1882-1966 >
      • The 1966 Bethany College Museum Collections Move to the Old Mill Museum ~ Dr. Leon Lungstrom's Role >
        • Articles on the Bethany College Museum Collections Move of 1966
      • Deere's Swensson's Bethany College Museum Collections ~ to 1966
    • Deere's Smithsonian Institution's Souvenir, 1904
    • Deere's 1940 Presidential Address to the Kansas Academy of Science
    • Deere's 1955 Letter to President Eisenhower re Tuttle Creek
    • Deere's Service, 1901-1966 >
      • Deere's Education & Degrees
    • The Deere's Library ~ What remains of 2,000 books -- pending project
  • "The Other Swedes"
    • Honoring Them and Remembering Them ~ The Smoky Valley Writers >
      • Rev. Bror Carlsson ~ Tracing Värmland's Rev. Olof Olsson's church life in Sweden and in ​Swedish America with the Augustana Lutheran Synod >
        • "He Gave God Glory" ~ The Story of Olof Olsson ~ Contents & Illustrations
      • Rev. Dr. Carl Aaron Swensson ~ Author of countless Swedish & English publications, newspapers articles & books for local, national & European readers
      • Bethany Church, Bethany College, Augustana Lutheran Synod Writers ​~ Remembering Rev. Dr. Carl Aaron Swensson and Rev. Dr. Ernst Frederick Pihlblad
      • Rev. Dr. Alfred Bergin ​~ Compiling foundational Swedish Smoky Valley Augustana Lutheran settlements' histories and more
      • Dr. Emory K. Lindquist ~ "Fourth" President of Bethany College ~ Chronicling Swedish Augustana Lutheran Lindsborg and Bethany College from their earliest years >
        • ​1953, "Smoky Valley People, A History of Lindsborg, Kansas" ~ The Words of Dr. Lindquist and Contents & Illustrations
        • 1975 "Bethany in Kansas, the history of a college" ~ The Words of Dr. Lindquist >
          • "Bethany in Kansas" PART I ~ Contents & Illustrations
          • "Bethany in Kansas" PART II ~ Contents & Illustrations
        • 1984 "Hagbard Brase, Beloved Music Master" ~ The Words of Dr. Lindquist >
          • "Hagbard Brase" ~ Contents and Illustrations
      • Mrs. Elizabeth Jaderborg [Selma Lind] ​ ~ Chronicling the Lindsborg of her day, its early histories, its early citizens >
        • 1965 "Lindsborg On Record" ~ Contents & Illustrations
        • 1967 "Living in Lindsborg and Other Possibilities" ~ Contents & Illustrations
        • 1973 "Talk About Lindsborg" ~ Contents & Illustrations
        • 1976 "Why Lindsborg?" ~ Contents & Illustrations
        • ​1990 "Two Reprints" ~ Contents & Illustrations Lists
      • Dr. Leon Lungstrom ~ Chronicling Bethany College science and math professors, the curriculum, societies, Museum, Old Main and Nelson Science Hall, 1881 to 1990 >
        • ​1990 "History of Natural Science and Mathematics at Bethany College, Lindsborg, Kansas" ~ "Table of Contents" >
          • Dr. Lungstrom chapters here --> >
            • "Introduction"
            • "Bethany College History Concerning the Natural Sciences and Mathematics"
            • Bethany College "Museum" ​
            • "Societies on the College Campus Associated with Mathematics and Natural Sciences"
            • ​"Tabulation of Teachers and Assistants in Natural Sciences and Mathematics"
            • The Old Main Building and Nelson Science Hall"
            • Bethany College Catalogue Cover
          • Dr. Lungstrom's references listing here --> >
            • "Bethany Messenger" ~ Science and math fields' headlines ~ 1893 to 1987
            • "Lindsborg News-Record" ~ Science and math fields' headlines ~ 1901 to 1990
            • "Bethany College Magazine" ~ Science and math fields' headlines ~ 1954 to 1990
        • Dr. Lungstrom ~ "Master Teacher" "Master Learner" >
          • Dr. Lungstrom ~ Husband, Father, Citizen and Friend ~ His Värmland Swedish Ancestry
      • Mr. Thomas N. Holmquist ~ Chronicling Lindsborg's neighbors, the Galesburg Augustana Lutheran Swedes of Salemsborg and Freemount, with a personal connection, since 1868
      • Mr. Alf Brorson ~ Connecting Lindsborg Swedes to their "Spiritual Founder" Rev. Olsson in 2001, and to Sweden with the "Sweden Letter" since 2008
      • Mr. Bill Carlson ~ Chronicling Lindsborg's earliest and later histories with a personal connection, since 1867 >
        • 2011 "Lindsborg Then and Lindsborg Now" ~ The words of Bill Carlson in the first 5 chapters >
          • 2011 "Lindsborg Then and Lindsborg Now" ​ ~ The words of Bill Carlson in the last chapter: "Conclusion" >
            • "Lindsborg Then and Lindsborg Now" ~ Contents & Illustrations
        • 2016 ~ Mr. Calrson's account of "1976 King of Sweden's Visit to Bethany Home'"
      • Ms. Karen A. Humphrey ~ Chronicling highlights of Swedish Augustana Lutheran Lindsborg and Bethany College culture in the earliest years >
        • 2012 "Grace, Faith and the Power of Singing: The Alma Christina Lind Swensson Story" ~The Words of Ms. Humphrey
        • "Grace, Faith and the Power of Singing" ~ Contents & Illustrations
      • ​​​Mrs. Margaret Dahlquist Eddy ~ Chronicling Lindsborg Photographer Swede B.G. Gröndal Work's >
        • 2013 "Through the Lens of B.G. Gröndal: Keeper of His Time" ~ ​Contents & Photograph Titles
      • Mr. A. John Pearson ~ Lindsborg publisher, editor and history writer, chronicling the "first" 8 Bethany College presidents, entertaining Swedish visitors, spreading goodwill . . . >
        • ​On "Bethany College" history for 100 Years ~ From compiler and author are the words of Mr. Pearson >
          • On "'Messiah' Festival" history for 100 years ~ From compiler and author are the words of Mr. Pearson
      • ​ Mr. Kenneth Sjogren ​~ Saving and serving Bethany College, fundraising, preserving college history, ~ The "Hemslöjd" >
        • Mr. Sjogren's 2019 "6 Decades with 12 Bethany College Presidents"​
      • Mr. Chris Abercrombie ~ Remembering him as "The Historian," the SVHA president and his body of work
      • Rev. Eugene K. Nelson and the Bethany Home Writers ~ Chronicling the "only known" Smoky Valley story on Bethany Home since 1907
      • Smoky Valley Historical Association Members ~ Chronicling 1993 " Where Did They Live? " "Early Residences of Lindsborg, Kansas"
      • ​Digitalize the Smoky Valley writers' Swedish and Swedish American histories ~ For their generations to come and for research accessibility
    • ​Honoring Them and Remembering Them ~ The ​Smoky Valley History Research Writers Website Designers
    • Honoring Them and Remembering Them ~ Lindsborg Smoky Valley People >
      • Dr. Rev. Olof Olsson ~ The Spiritual Founder of Lindsborg ~ "He Gave God Glory" ~ The account by Rev. Bror Carlsson and son Mr. Brorson
      • Rev. Dr. Edward Nelander ~ "First" President of Bethany College ~ Accounts by Dr. Lindquist and Dr. Lundstrom
      • Rev. Dr. Carl Aaron Swensson ~ "Second" President of Bethany College ~ The "Founder" of Bethany College
      • Rev. Dr. Ernst F. Pihlblad ~ "Third" President of Bethany College
      • Mrs. Alma Christina Lind Swensson ~ Remembering her as Mrs. Rev. Dr. Swensson, the "First Lady" of Lindsborg, organizer of the "Messiah Chorus" and much more ~ From ​Ms. Humphrey's Book
      • Dr. Johan August Udden ~ "First" Bethany College professor, founder of the Museum and Spanish Chain Mail, led UT to over $300,000,000 ~ An account by Dr. Lundstrom
      • ​Samuel Thorstenberg ~ Remembering him as the "earliest" internationally acclaimed Bethany College "Messiah Chorus" conductor
      • Dr. Hagbard Brase ~ Remembering him as the second "earliest" internationally acclaimed Bethany College "Messiah Chorus" conductor
      • B.G. Gröndal ~ Remembering him and his photography in the earliest years of Lindsborg and Bethany College >
        • B.G. Gröndal ~ Accounts by Mr. Abercrombie and Mrs. Jaderborg with LINK to Mrs. Eddy, B.G.'s granddaughter's book review
      • International "NY Times" Correspondent Miss Alma Luise Olson ~ Remembering her as "First Honored American Woman by Sweden" ~ An account by ​Mrs. Elizabeth Jaderborg* >
        • ​​Miss Alma Luise Olson ~ Remembering her and the extraordinary life she led at home and abroad ~ An account by Ms. Karen A. Humphrey
      • Artist Birger Sandzén ~ Remembering him for "sharing his art with the world," starting "first" at Lindsborg's Bethany College >
        • Dr. & Dr. Mrs. Charles Greenough III ~ Remembering them for their gift of the Birger Sandzén Memorial Gallery -- pending
      • G. N. Malm ~ Lindsborg's Swedish Renaissance Man ~ Accounts by Dr. Lindquist >
        • G. N. Malm and all he did for the Lindsborg community ~ An account by Mrs. Elizabeth Jaderborg >
          • G. N. Malm and his Lindsborg's national interior decorating company ​​~ An account by Mrs. Elizabeth Jaderborg​
      • William Holwerda, M.D. ~ Remembering him as "Doc Bill," a city father and loving citizen ~ Accounts by Dr. Lungstrom and Mrs. Jaderborg >
        • Dr. William Holwerda ~ Remembering their family doctor with Messiah Lutheran Church tributes ~ An account by Dr. Leon Lungstrom
      • Artist Lester Raymer ~ Remembering him as the renowned virtuoso artist and "behind the scenes" community supporter
      • Dr. Arvin W. Hahn ​​~ Remembering him for saving Bethany College from going under!​ >
        • Dr. Arvin W. Hahn ~ Remembering him handing me my Bethany College Diploma on Sunday, May 26, 1968
      • Dr. ​& Mrs. Elmer Copley ~ Remembering them and their 29 years of dedication to that Bethany College "Messiah" tradition of excellence >
        • 1976 Dr. Elmer Copley ~ Remembering him as the “Messiah” conductor for the Bethany College "Swedish King’s," Carl XVI Gustaf's, performance >
          • 1981 Dr. Elmer Copley ~ Remembering him as the "Messiah" conductor for the Bethany College "Centennial Celebration" performance >
            • 1986 Dr. Elmer Copley ~ Remembering him as the televised "American Easter" conductor of the Bethany College Oratorio Society Holy Easter Week
      • Mr. & Mrs. Hilding Jaderborg ~ Remembering them and their “Swedish Crafts Shop” of 65 years and 50 trips to Sweden
      • The Swedish Lindsborg Builders ~ Remembering them for the lovely homes they built
      • Mr. Chris Abercrombie ~ Remembering him for "first" shining an international light on Lindsborg and Bethany College, via YouTube
      • Dr. Greta Swenson and Mr. & Mrs. Mark Esping ~ Remembering them for founding Lindsborg's “first” "Swedish-American Folklife Institute of Central Kansas," 1986 >
        • Remembering their Lindsborg's Folklife Institute's "Swedish-American Heritage Center," 1996
      • Mr. Claude Koehn ~ Remembering him as restorer and preservationist of Smoky Valley stone farmhouses and other stone structures
      • Ms. Rebecca Copley ~ Remembering her as Bethany College's “first” graduate to become an International Concert & Opera Soprano >
        • Ms. Copley's "International Concert and Opera Soprano" ​~ The REVIEWS
      • Mr. Bruce Karstadt ~ Honoring him as a Bethany College graduate for heading up a major national Swedish American institution
      • Dr. Mark Lucas ~ Messiah conductor bringing the Lindsborg “Oberammergau of the Plains" to a "new" world audience
    • Honoring Them and Remembering Them ~ The Groupings, including Swedes from Sweden >
      • ​1882-1966 Bethany College Museum Science Professor Curators ​~ Their earliest collectors and the taxidermists
      • 1894-1962 Bethany College Graduates in Augustana Lutheran Synod World Mission Work ~ An account by Dr. Emory K. Lindquist
      • 1901-2014 The ​Bethany College Swedish Knights and Ladies ~ Honored by the Kings of Sweden
      • ​​1919 "Lindsborg Historical Society's" earliest leaders ~ Their mission and projects >
        • 1963 "Smoky Valley Historical Association" (SVHA) later leaders ​~ Some more recent preservation projects
      • 1976 His Majesty the King of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf's Visit to Lindsborg April 17th >
        • The Lindsborg & Bethany College "Swedes" ~ Honored by the King of Sweden, June 6, 1976
      • 1977​ Swedish Emigrant Institute Staff from Växjö, Småland Visits Lindsborg October 16-18
      • 1978 Swedish Documen- tary Film Crew Visits Lindsborg October 2-9 >
        • "Lindsborg News-Record" Clippings of 1978 Swedish Film Crew Visit
  • Contacts
    • For 1869 Lindsborg CONTACT Today > > > > > > > > to Yesteryears > >
      • ​Lydia's Lindsborg Photography​, ​1900 - 1925 >
        • "A Time to Remember" 1882 - 1988
      • A Historical Count of Lindsborg Residents ~The Bethany College Presidents & Swedish Kings Honoring Bethany Swedes
    • ​For 1881 Bethany College CONTACT Today > > > > > > > > > to Yesteryears > >
      • Lydia's Bethany Photography, 1906 - 1925 >
        • "A Time to Remember" 1882 - 1988 >
          • Their "I WAS THERE" Coin ~ Bethany College 21st Year Celebration, 1902 >
            • "Bethany Campus Walk” ~ Remembering the buildings, the "Bethany Family" of their era, 1882 - 2015
      • A Historical Count ~The Bethany College Presidents & Swedish Kings Honoring Bethany Swedes
    • For 1957 Birger Sandzén Memorial Gallery CONTACT Today >
      • Sandzén: "Ecstasy of Color" ~ PBS Doucmentary ~ Aired 6/11/21
    • Closing Remarks >
      • Traveling through SWEDES ​~ The Table of Contents ~ The "Outline" "Online"
    • The 1941 "Smoky Valley 'Pioneer Cross Memorial' " ​~ ​By Mr. Thomas N. Holmquist
    • The 2009 "Smoky Valley Swedish People's Virtual Memorial"
"The Other Swedes"
​~ Honoring Them and Remembering Them ~ The Smoky Valley Writers ~

​
Dr. Leon George Lungstrom
1915-2000
"Master Teacher"  "Master Learner"

*   *   *
A Scientist, Historian, Researcher, Author, European traveler
 A Quiet, Determined, Humble, Happy, and Kind Swede

​An Augustana Lutheran Christian
​A Bethany College Biology Professor, 1952-1981
A teacher of conversational Swedish

An artist and art student of 
​Professor Birger Sandzén
​ The leading taxidermist of the Bethany College Museum Natural History Collection
[As a student and as a professor he may have mounted 200 animals in the very large taxidermy collection*]

The last Bethany College Museum Curator [acting*] after Dr. Emil O. Deere in 1966
​He furthered the goals and left a legacy of Dr. Deere who built the foundation of a growing Science Department*
The recorder and author of Bethany College foundational science and mathematics history:
1990 "History of Natural Science and Mathematics at Bethany College, Lindsborg, Kansas" 
Picture
​​Dr. Lungstrom retired at the end of the 1980-1981 school year, ending 30 years of association with the Bethany College faculty.  In his book, he had referred to himself as a "workaholic."  In a way this may have been confirmed by his wife Linda Lungstrom, also a professor at Bethany in the field of Music and a professional musician, who summed up his life with this grave marker engraving: 
"HUSBAND"  "FATHER

   "MASTER LEARNER"      ​"MASTER TEACHER"  

​*   *   *
The Learner That He Was
- his appreciation for his professors -
As a learner who needed more discipline in high school in Lindsborg, it looked at first that he might not make the grade to enter Bethany.  From his 1990 "History of Natural Science and Mathematics at Bethany College, Lindsborg, Kansas" on pages 234-235, the story reveals that through the kindness of Dean Deere and President Ernst Pihlblad, they "gave him a chance" to attend Bethany as described below:

     " . . . 
He was encouraged by his sister to try to enter college, but the finances necessary for this still seemed out of reach.  One day in 1935 Professor Deere [who was also the College Dean] drove out to the Lungstrom farm to talk with Leon about attending Bethany. One problem existed -- his high school grades were not as good as they should have been and the president of the college, because of this, question whether they should give him financial assistance. Finally the president, Dr. Pihlblad, agreed with Professor Deere, "At least let's give him a chance." Leon Lungstrom began his studies at Bethany College in 1936 and was given the opportunity for N. Y. A. (National Youth Administration) student employment administered through the college.  He immediately established a good academic record and maintained this record throughout his years.  As a college student he worked summer months digging sewer ditches, running combines in harvest and doing construction work on the highway as well as other jobs to help pay for his college education. While an undergraduate student, he joined the Pi Sigma Chi fraternity and was initiated by two honorary fraternities, Lambda Sigma and Theta Chi Delta.  He also became a member of the [Bethany] Linnean Society.  During the senior year he was one of the students selected for Who's Who in American Colleges and Universities." 

​From this point on Leon was on his way of becoming a "Master Learner" and a "Master Teacher."


He received the Bethany College Bachelor of Science Degree with a major in Biology and a minor in Chemistry in 1940, the Kansas State University Master of Science Degree in Zoology and Parasitology in 1946, and the Ph.D. in Medical Entomology in 1950.  His postgraduate studies continued at California's Stanford University for an eleven-month period from 1959 to 1960, then in 1962 he was found at Arizona State University studying desert biology and in 1965 at Oklahoma University studying radioisotopes and reactor technology, and finally in 1970 at New Orlean's Tulane University's School of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. He also spent the three-summer months of 1952 traveling throughout Western Europe, including Sweden.  No doubt, he took many photographs and may have kept a journal on what he absorbed of these different cultures throughout these travels.  Many of these learning experiences he integraded into his classes for a more enriching lecture series for his students.

​His Smoky Valley Art
as a student of 
​Professor Artist Birger
 Sandzén
who financially made a way for
​Leon to attend an out-of-state group painting class.
On page 236, second paragraph, of his book, Dr. Lungstrom writes: 

     ". . . At one time while a student of professor 
Sandzén in a painting class, Lungstrom did not have the necessary funds to participate with the class in an out-of-state class tour. Upon learning about this difficulty, the professor gave Lungstrom money for the trip. One wonders how often this grand old gentleman helped students in need . . ." 
[Lungstrom owes a debt of gratitude to another grand gentleman, professor E. O. Deere, and this debt cannot ever be repaid." To be inserted somewhere else.]

The Teacher That He Was

​The courses he taught were
General Biology, General Zoology, Invertebrate Zoology, Bacteriology, Parasitology, Entomology, Immunology, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Cell Biology, Comparative Anatomy, Embryology, Histology, Geology, Taxidermy.  During Interterm at times, it was courses in: Collecting Aquatic Invertebrate and helping to teach (noncredit) Conversational Swedish.

The societies he joined while teaching at Bethany College were
Society of American Bacteriologist, the Association of Economic Etymologists, the American Association of Parasitologists, Gamma Sigma Delta, the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Kansas Entomological Society.
In His Retirement Years
He was granted
Emeritus Professor of Biology status; and granted Emeritus Membership in the Kansas Academy of Science, the American Mosquito Control Association, and Sigma Chi Research Society.  
He was a Kansas Academy of Science member and publishing contributor of three articles on the Bethany College Swedish scientists: Dr. Udden, Dr. Welin and Dr. Deere.
Beyond Bethany College
His contributions in his field of study as a biologist
He served in the Army from 1942-1946 specializing as a Fitzsimons Army Medical Corp instructor, Aurora, Colorado.

In Atlanta, Georgia, he studied the mosquito problems for work in the Malaria Control in War Areas program.
In Kansas, he reported on the mosquito problem for the State Board of Health.

For the U. S. Public Health Service Center for Disease Control (C.D.C), he was a medical entomologist researcher.
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The recognition he received
​
He received the Mildred Riddle McKeon Distinguished Professorship in Science in 1979, was listed in the Who's Who of American Men of Science and the North American Entomologists and Acrologists published by the Entomological Society of America.  Much of his mosquito data was presented in Mosquito Records from the Missouri River Basin States, which is published by the Survey Section Office of the U.S.P.H.S [The Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service] Midwestern Communicable Disease Center, Kansas City, April 1951.  
[He published three articles on mosquito research.]
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The recognition Dr. Lungstrom did not receive
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​This is for Dr. Lungstrom's significant work concerning the Bethany College Museum and its Natural History Collection, part of which contained a sizeable taxidermy collection of which he and Dr. Deere were responsible for collecting from Smoky Valley contributors, and then researching, labeling and mounting.
​

Today few people, other than his family and their contemporaries and the directors of the former McPherson County Old Mill Museum, know of the role he played at the Bethany College Museum with the natural history collections.  For decades, he was the Museum's main taxidermist.  Before college, he enrolled in the Northwestern School of Taxidermy correspondence course in 1934, the skills of which he most certainly brought to his museum work at Bethany.  To that he took the taxidermy courses being offered at Bethany, while learning the art of taxidermy on-the-job from taxidermist Professor Deere and ​Cornelius Larson. 

Yet in the summer of 1977, it is recorded in his book that in
 Denver, Colorado he attended a seminar in advanced taxidermy 
techniques, which would most likely mean that he was using this information to care for the taxidermy collection of the College that was moved to the 1962 established McPherson County Old Mill Museum in 1966, of which he had played a major role.  This continued with the taxidermy collection at this new museum of which his last two positions held there were that of a co-director from 1980 to 1984, and then becoming a board member until the later 1980s, when he began researching for the writing of his 397 page book, History of Natural Science and Mathematics at Bethany College, Lindsborg, Kansas.  This, he finished in 1990.

Dr. Lungstrom's specialty as a taxidermist was quite significant throughout the life of the Bethany College Natural History Museum and at the McPherson County Old Mill Museum.  Some of the latest and largest animals in the collection were mounted by him such as the carriage horse, the family of three (3) bison, the bobcat, the smaller three pelicans, which he writes about.  These were part of the collection.

The very sad history of this taxidermy collection was that after Dr. Lungstrom was no longer involved, the taxidermy collection as well as the fossil collection, although still exhibited in the front room of the Museum, would no longer have a college representative there to help care for it, promote it as a tourist attraction and an educational tool for the public, the Smoky Valley schools and the college.  The reason may have been that those in charge of the Museum then, just had no clue on how to do this and were very reluctant to reach out to other science professors at Bethany for help.   ​For whatever reason, this neglect continued for at least thirty (30) plus years later, until the new owner of the Museum, which changed its name to "Lindsborg Old Mill and Swedish Heritage Museum," in November of 2021, just had this permanent exhibit finally removed quietly to an undisclosed storage location, for an unsure future.  This was because this permanent exhibit had simply become a "white elephant" due to neglect of the staff.  All along, if a couple of science college professors had taken an interest to become involved a little to collaborate with the museum staff, this exhibit could have become a fabulous
 one,
with inviting field trips for students of all ages to enjoy, and, even, with adding some classes or workshops concerning the taxidermy collections.

It is true that during the time of the college museum's collections move to the McPherson County Old Mill Museum in the summer of 1966 that the college was going through a very trying time financially with other pressing challenges.  This continued on for many years.  So many years, that maybe they just could not have dealt with helping the Museum with its natural history taxidermy collection.  As a result, the "natural history" collection, such an important collection for any college to own, was just simply forgotten, to the point that today new administration members and students are surprised to learn that there was a Bethany College Museum on their campus.  To "any" natural history museum director and curator in the world, such as for example the Smithsonian's National Natural History Musuem, would consider the neglect of this college natural history collection indeed a true tragedy.

So will the life's work of Dr. Deere's 58 years to build the College Museum Natural History Collections be just forgotten as well and that of the other preceding Swedish curators, founder J. A. Udden, J. Westlund, J. E. Welin, who made valuable contributions along with Dr. Leon Lungstrom's?

For now, though, the only real "footprint" that the Bethany College Museum ever existed is found in Dr. Lungstrom's 1990 book History of Science and Mathematics at Bethany College, Lindsborg, Kansas. One can find a mere mention of it in some of the Smoky Valley writers' work; and, then, now, there are several sections on it in SWEDES.  The College has two (2) copies of Dr. Lungstrom's book in the archives.

In conclusion, Dr. Leon George Lungstrom was never recognized for his professional college work regarding the natural history collections especially in the field of his skill as a taxidermist and then especially with his role in moving the College collections to the McPherson County Old Mill Museum, with his work there, as well as for the book he wrote to preserve and promote college history: 
History of Science and Mathematics at Bethany College, Lindsborg, Kansas.

It is my hope that sometime in the not so far future, Dr. Lungstrom will be recognized appropriately by his dear alma mater, Bethany College,
 posthumously, for the countless hours that he devoted to her, for his book, as well as by the new Lindsborg Old Mill and Swedish Heritage Museum, for his countless hours of commitment there while still working at Bethany College, and then in retirement when this museum was known as the McPherson County Old Mill Museum.
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In 1998, I visited the McPherson County Old Mill Museum's front room where most of the fossil and mounts from the 1966 move from the College were located in a permanent exhibit until 2021.  Below is a slide show of the photographs I took that show "the way these College exhibits were," of which Dr. Deere maintained at the College, and Dr. Lungstrom cared for during the move and after it for some time at the McPherson County Old Mill Museum. 

*This is "a guess" from reading the October 15, 1971, Lindsborg News-Record, "Old Mill Prepares for Festival," second paragraph. 

​PHOTOS to come . . .

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Go HERE to Dr. Leon Lungstrom ~ Husband, Father, Citizen and Friend ~ His Värmland Swedish Ancestry.
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" Let Us Remember Them "


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Swedes: TheWayTheyWere
~ restoring lost local histories ~
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